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The Distribution of ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups among Residents of Gusau, Zamfara State, North Western Nigeria

Erhabor O, Isaac IZ1, Saidu A, Ahmed HM, Abdulrahaman Y, Festus A, Ikhuenbor DB, Iwueke IP, and Adias TC

The prevalence of ABO and Rhesus blood groups varies from race to race. The study was designed to determine the distribution of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group among residents of Gusau, Zamfara State in North Western, Nigeria. ABO and Rhesus phenotyping was carried out using standard tube techniques using Biorad Seraclone anti-A, anti-B, anti-AB and anti-D reagents (Bio Rad Medical Diagnostics, Germany). Of the 500 subjects screened, 227(55.4%) were of blood group O, 119(23.8%) were blood group B, 88(17.6%) group A and 16(3.2%) group AB. Of the 500 subjects tested, 494 (98.8%) were Rh D positive while 6(1.2%) were Rh D negative. The distribution of ABO blood groups were compared based on gender. Prevalence of ABO blood group was significantly higher among male donors (12.6%, 12.8, 2.0 and 45.4) compared to (5.2%, 11.8, 1.2 and 10.0%) for female donors respectively for ABO blood group A, B, AB and O. Similarly Rhesus blood group distribution was compared based on gender. Men had a higher prevalence of Rh positive and negative groups compared to female (26.20% and 0.40%) versus (72.60% and 0.80%) respectively. The pattern of distribution of ABO blood groups among Gausa residents appeared to be at variant with other populations in Nigeria and other countries. Evidence –based data obtained in this study will facilitate the optimum stocking of blood and blood products in Blood banks in the area as well as facilitate the formulation on relevant transfusion policies.